At what range is a shotgun most effective in combat firing?

A shotgun is most effective in combat firing at a range of around 20 yards. This distance allows the shotgun to utilize its spread pattern effectively, maximizing its stopping power and ensuring that multiple pellets hit the target while maintaining a reasonable degree of accuracy. At this range, the shooter can take advantage of the shotgun's ability to deliver a significant amount of firepower, which is critical in close-quarters and tactical situations.

At greater distances, such as 50 yards or 100 yards, the effectiveness of a shotgun diminishes due to the spread of the shot, which can result in fewer projectiles hitting the intended target. While shotguns can be used at longer ranges with slugs or specialized ammunition, their primary design as a smoothbore firearm is geared toward shorter distances where rapid engagement and stopping power are essential. Thus, 20 yards strikes a balance between accuracy and the shotgun’s inherent strengths in a defensive or combat context.