In what scenarios can officers perform a warrantless arrest in Indiana?

Officers in Indiana can perform a warrantless arrest when a crime is committed in their presence or when they have probable cause to believe that a crime has occurred. This is grounded in the Fourth Amendment rights regarding unlawful searches and seizures, which provide law enforcement with the authority to act immediately in certain situations that require prompt action to maintain public safety and prevent the potential escape of a suspect.

When a crime is witnessed firsthand, the officer can confidently take action without a warrant, as they have direct evidence of the unlawful act. Similarly, if they have probable cause—meaning the facts and circumstances within their knowledge are sufficient to warrant a prudent person to believe that a crime has been committed—they may also proceed with a warrantless arrest. This allows officers to effectively respond to criminal activity as it unfolds and helps in promoting community safety.

The other scenarios mentioned do not provide the necessary legal basis for warrantless arrests to the same degree. Reporting a crime by a witness may not meet the threshold of immediate action, while reasonable suspicion alone does not justify an arrest; it might allow for temporary detention or investigation. Knowing a suspect personally does not by itself justify an arrest without a legal basis like witnessing a crime or having probable cause.