What is an "arrest warrant"?

An arrest warrant is a legal document that specifically authorizes law enforcement officers to take an individual into custody. This authorization comes after a judicial officer, such as a judge or magistrate, reviews evidence and determines there is probable cause to believe that the individual has committed a crime. The warrant serves as a crucial component in the legal system, ensuring that law enforcement acts within the bounds of the law and protects individuals' rights against unlawful detention.

The other options do not accurately represent what an arrest warrant is. A document permitting a private citizen to make an arrest is not typically recognized in the same legal standing as a warrant issued by a judge. A police report, while an important document, does not grant authority to arrest; instead, it merely records incidents and actions taken by officers. Lastly, a notice to the accused to appear in court is more akin to a summons, which is different from an arrest warrant as it does not involve immediate custody but rather invites the individual to respond to legal proceedings.